Bài 1: Getting Started with Excel

1. Tại sao Excel vẫn quan trọng?

Dù có rất nhiều tools mới, Excel vẫn là #1 trong data analysis vì:

• 📊 750+ triệu người sử dụng hàng ngày
• 💼 95% doanh nghiệp yêu cầu Excel skills
• 🚀 Nhanh chóng - không cần setup phức tạp
• 🔗 Universal - ai cũng có thể đọc file Excel

Excel vs Alternatives

Kết luận: Excel là foundation - master Excel trước, sau đó học các tools khác.

2. Excel Interface Tour

2.1 Ribbon (Thanh công cụ)

1┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
2│ File │ Home │ Insert │ Page Layout │ Formulas │ Data │ ...  │
3├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
4│  [Clipboard] [Font] [Alignment] [Number] [Styles] [Cells]   │
5└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Các tabs quan trọng:

• Home: Format, copy/paste, conditional formatting
• Insert: Charts, pivot tables, images
• Formulas: Functions library, name manager
• Data: Import, sort, filter, data tools

2.2 Worksheet Structure

1A        B        C        D
2  ┌────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┐
31 │ Header │ Header │ Header │        │  ← Row 1 (Headers)
4  ├────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤
52 │ Data   │ Data   │ Data   │        │  ← Data rows
6  ├────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┤
73 │ Data   │ Data   │ Data   │        │
8  └────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┘
9     ↑
10   Column A

Key concepts:

• Cell: Intersection of row & column (e.g., A1, B2)
• Range: Multiple cells (e.g., A1:C10)
• Sheet: One worksheet tab
• Workbook: The entire Excel file (.xlsx)

2.3 Name Box & Formula Bar

1┌──────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
2│   A1     │ fx │ =SUM(B2:B100)                              │
3└──────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
4  Name Box         Formula Bar

• Name Box: Shows current cell, can type to go to cell
• Formula Bar: Shows/edit cell content or formula

3. Essential Keyboard Shortcuts

3.1 Navigation Shortcuts

3.2 Selection Shortcuts

3.3 Editing Shortcuts

3.4 Formatting Shortcuts

3.5 Pro Shortcuts (Must Know!)

4. Data Entry Best Practices

4.1 Table Structure Rules

✅ DO:

1A          B           C          D
2  ┌──────────┬───────────┬──────────┬──────────┐
31 │ Date     │ Product   │ Quantity │ Revenue  │  ← Headers in row 1
4  ├──────────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
52 │ 1/1/2026 │ Widget A  │ 100      │ 5000     │  ← Data starts row 2
6  ├──────────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
73 │ 1/2/2026 │ Widget B  │ 50       │ 2500     │  ← One record per row
8  └──────────┴───────────┴──────────┴──────────┘

❌ DON'T:

• Merged cells in data area
• Empty rows/columns in data
• Multiple data types in one column
• Spaces in header names (use _ instead)

4.2 Data Types

4.3 Quick Data Entry Tips

AutoFill Series:

1Type "Jan" → Select cell → Drag fill handle
2Result: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May...
3 
4Type "1" → Hold Ctrl + Drag
5Result: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...

Flash Fill (Ctrl + E):

1Column A        Column B
2John Smith      John        ← Type first example
3Jane Doe        Jane        ← Flash Fill extracts pattern
4Bob Johnson     Bob

5. Hands-on Exercise: Sales Data Setup

5.1 Create Sample Data

Tạo file mới và nhập data sau:

5.2 Practice Tasks

1. Navigate: Press Ctrl + Home, then Ctrl + End
2. Select: Use Ctrl + Shift + End to select all data
3. Format: Select headers, press Ctrl + B for bold
4. Filter: Press Ctrl + Shift + L to add filters
5. AutoSum: Click F7, press Alt + = to sum Revenue

5.3 Save Your Work

• Ctrl + S - Save
• Save as .xlsx format (Excel Workbook)
• Name: sales_data_practice.xlsx

6. Common Beginner Mistakes

❌ Mistake 1: Merged Cells

Problem: Merged cells break sorting, filtering, formulas

Solution: Use "Center Across Selection" instead

• Select cells → Ctrl + 1 → Alignment → Horizontal: Center Across Selection

❌ Mistake 2: Storing Numbers as Text

Problem: "123" vs 123 - formulas won't work

Solution:

• Look for green triangle in corner (error indicator)
• Select cells → Click warning → Convert to Number

❌ Mistake 3: Hard-coded Values

Problem: Typing "1500" multiple times

Solution:

• Store constants in named cells
• Reference: =D2*Laptop_Price instead of =D2*1500

❌ Mistake 4: Not Using Tables

Problem: Formulas don't auto-extend to new rows

Solution: Convert to Table

• Ctrl + T → Creates structured table
• Formulas auto-copy to new rows

7. Quick Reference Card

File Operations

1Ctrl + N     New workbook
2Ctrl + O     Open
3Ctrl + S     Save
4Ctrl + P     Print
5F12          Save As

Essential Formulas (Preview)

1=SUM(range)      Add numbers
2=AVERAGE(range)  Calculate mean
3=COUNT(range)    Count numbers
4=MAX(range)      Find maximum
5=MIN(range)      Find minimum

Navigation

1Ctrl + Home      Go to A1
2Ctrl + End       Go to last cell
3Ctrl + Arrow     Jump to edge
4Page Up/Down     Scroll screen

8. Bài tập về nhà

Bài 1: Excel Shortcuts Quiz

Thực hành 10 shortcuts quan trọng nhất, ghi nhớ:

• Ctrl + Shift + L (Filters)
• Alt + = (AutoSum)
• Ctrl + ; (Date)
• F4 (Absolute reference)
• Ctrl + T (Create table)

Bài 2: Sales Data Practice

1. Tạo sales data với 20 rows
2. Thêm cột "Profit" với formula
3. Apply filters và sort by Revenue
4. Format headers với bold + color
5. Save file và share screenshot

Bài 3: Keyboard Challenge

Hoàn thành các tasks chỉ dùng keyboard (không dùng mouse):

1. Navigate to A1
2. Select all data
3. Add filters
4. Go to last row
5. Insert today's date

Summary

Trong bài này bạn đã học:

• ✅ Excel interface và components
• ✅ 20+ essential keyboard shortcuts
• ✅ Data entry best practices
• ✅ Common mistakes to avoid
• ✅ Quick reference cho daily use

Next: Bài 2 - Essential Formulas - SUM, IF, COUNTIF, SUMIF families