Tableau Fundamentals | MinAI Learning

🎯 Mục tiêu bài học

TB5 min

Sau bài học này, bạn sẽ:

✅ Cài đặt và setup Tableau Desktop / Tableau Public

✅ Hiểu Tableau interface: Data pane, Marks card, Shelves

✅ Connect data từ Excel, CSV, database

✅ Tạo Bar, Line, Scatter, Map charts

✅ Viết Calculated Fields và LOD Expressions cơ bản

✅ Build dashboard đầu tiên với filter actions

Thời gian: 45 phút | Độ khó: Beginner | Tool: Tableau Public (Free) hoặc Tableau Desktop

Task 0

📖 Bảng Thuật Ngữ Quan Trọng

TB5 min

Thuật ngữ	Tiếng Việt	Mô tả
Dimension	Chiều	Categorical data: Region, Category, Date
Measure	Thước đo	Numeric data: Sales, Profit, Quantity
Marks Card	Thẻ dấu hiệu	Controls visual encoding: Color, Size, Label
Shelf	Kệ	Rows/Columns — nơi drop fields
Calculated Field	Trường tính toán	Custom formula trong Tableau
LOD Expression	Biểu thức Level of Detail	FIXED, INCLUDE, EXCLUDE — tính toán ở level khác
Filter Action	Hành động lọc	Click chart → filter charts khác
Tooltip	Chú thích hover	Thông tin hiện khi hover lên data point
Dual Axis	Trục kép	2 measures trên cùng 1 chart
Context Filter	Bộ lọc ngữ cảnh	Filter ưu tiên, áp dụng trước

Checkpoint

Dimension = categorical (text), Measure = numeric. Marks Card controls color/size/label. LOD = FIXED/INCLUDE/EXCLUDE. Bạn phân biệt được chưa?

Task 1

🖥️ 1. Tableau Products Overview

TB5 min

1.1 Tableau Family

Product	Purpose	Cost
Tableau Desktop	Create visualizations	$70/mo
Tableau Public	Free version (public data only)	Free
Tableau Server	Share internally	Enterprise
Tableau Online	Cloud sharing	$42/user/mo
Tableau Prep	Data preparation	Included

1.2 Installation

For learning: Tableau Public (Free)

Download từ public.tableau.com
Install và create account
Limitation: Saves to public cloud only

For work: Tableau Desktop

Download trial từ tableau.com
14-day free trial
Full features

Bắt đầu với Tableau Public — hoàn toàn miễn phí, đủ tính năng để học. Chỉ giới hạn: data phải save lên cloud public.

Checkpoint

Tableau Public = free, save public. Tableau Desktop = full features, $70/mo. Tableau Prep = data preparation. Bạn đã cài đặt chưa?

Task 2

🗺️ 2. Tableau Interface

TB5 min

2.1 Start Page

Tableau Start Page

CONNECT	OPEN
To a File: Excel, Text file, JSON, More...	Recent Workbooks: Sales_Dashboard.twb, Marketing_Report.twb
To a Server: Tableau Server, MySQL, PostgreSQL, More...	Sample Workbooks: Superstore, World Indicators
	DISCOVER: Viz of the Day

2.2 Workspace

Tableau Workspace Layout

Khu vực	Vị trí	Nội dung
Menu Bar	Top	File, Data, Worksheet, Dashboard, Story, Analysis, Map, Format, Server
Data Pane	Left	Tables (Orders, Customers, Products), Dimensions (Category, Region, Segment, Ship Mode), Measures (Sales, Profit, Quantity, Discount)
Canvas	Center	Your visualization appears here — drop fields to build
Shelves	Center-top	Columns, Rows
Sheet Tabs	Bottom	Sheet 1, Sheet 2, [+], Dashboard 1, Story 1

2.3 Key Terms

Term	Definition
Dimension	Categorical data (Region, Category, Date)
Measure	Numeric data (Sales, Profit, Quantity)
Rows/Columns	Shelves định vị data
Marks	Visual elements (bars, lines, points)
Filters	Limit data displayed
Pages	Animation/stepping through data

Checkpoint

Tableau workspace: Data pane (bên trái) chứa Dimensions + Measures. Canvas (giữa) hiển thị visualization. Marks card controls Color/Size/Label. Bạn đã explore interface chưa?

Task 3

🔌 3. Connecting to Data

TB5 min

3.1 Data Source Page

Data Source Page Layout

Khu vực	Nội dung
Connections	Sample-Superstore (Excel)
Sheets	Orders (1000 rows), People (4 rows), Returns (296 rows)
Canvas	Drag tables here to relate them
Preview	First 1000 rows: Row ID, Order ID, Order Date, Ship Date...

3.2 Supported Data Sources

Files: Excel, CSV, JSON, PDF (tables)

Databases: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, BigQuery, Snowflake, Redshift

Cloud Apps: Google Sheets, Salesforce, Google Analytics

3.3 Data Prep Basics

🖱️Right-click field → Options

✏️Rename

🔄Change data type (String, Number, Date)

🧮Create calculated field

📁Create group

📊Create hierarchy

👁️Hide

✂️Split (for text fields)

Tableau auto-detect data types nhưng đôi khi sai. Luôn kiểm tra data types sau khi connect — đổi text sang date, string sang number nếu cần.

Checkpoint

Tableau connect được Files (Excel, CSV), Databases (SQL Server, MySQL), và Cloud (Google Sheets). Luôn kiểm tra data types sau khi connect!

Task 4

📊 4. Building Basic Charts

TB5 min

4.1 Bar Chart — Category Sales

Steps:

Drag Category to Columns
Drag Sales to Rows
Done!

Sales by Category — Bar Chart

Category	Sales
Office Supplies	~$800K (cao nhất)
Furniture	~$400K
Technology	~$400K

Enhancements:

Sort: Click sort icon in toolbar
Color: Drag Category to Color
Labels: Click Label in Marks card

4.2 Line Chart — Sales Trend

Steps:

Drag Order Date to Columns (auto-becomes YEAR)
Click + on date to expand to Quarter or Month
Drag Sales to Rows

Sales Over Time — Line Chart

Trend line shows seasonal peaks:

Q1 2022: ~ $20K → **Q2:** ~$ 40K → Q3: ~ $60K → **Q4:** ~$ 40K
Q1 2023: ~ $60K → **Q2:** ~$ 80K → Q3: ~$100K
Overall upward trend với seasonal fluctuation

4.3 Scatter Plot — Profit vs Sales

Steps:

Drag Sales to Columns
Drag Profit to Rows
Drag Category to Color

4.4 Map — Sales by State

Steps:

Double-click State (auto-generates map)
Drag Sales to Color

Tableau = Drag & Drop. Bar chart chỉ cần 2 bước: Dimension → Columns, Measure → Rows. Marks card controls Color, Size, Label — experiment nhiều!

Checkpoint

Bar = Dimension → Columns + Measure → Rows. Line = Date → Columns. Scatter = Measure × Measure. Map = Double-click geographic field. Bạn đã tạo chart đầu tiên chưa?

Task 5

🎨 5. Formatting & Polish

TB5 min

5.1 Marks Card

Marks Card

Element	Chức năng
[Automatic ▼]	Chart type selector
● Color	Color encoding
○ Size	Size encoding
Abc Label	Data labels
◐ Detail	Add detail level
△ Tooltip	Hover info

5.2 Custom Tooltips

Default tooltip:

Ví dụ

1Category: Technology
2Sales: $836,154

Custom tooltip:

Ví dụ

1📱 {Category}
2💰 Revenue: ${Sales}
3📈 Growth: {Profit Ratio}%
4Click to see details →

Edit: Worksheet → Tooltip

5.3 Reference Lines

Add context: Average line, Target line, Trend line, Bands

Ví dụ

1Analytics Pane → Drag Reference Line to chart

Checkpoint

Marks card: Color, Size, Label, Tooltip, Detail. Custom tooltips thêm context cho hover. Reference lines từ Analytics Pane thêm benchmarks. Đã customize Marks chưa?

Task 6

🔍 6. Filters & Calculated Fields

TB5 min

6.1 Filter Types

Type	How to Add	Use
Dimension Filter	Drag to Filters	Include/exclude categories
Measure Filter	Drag to Filters	Range of values
Date Filter	Drag to Filters	Date range
Context Filter	Right-click → Add to Context	Filter áp dụng trước

6.2 Show Filter Control

Show Filter Control

Right-click filter → Show Filter

☑ Furniture
☑ Office Supplies
☐ Technology ← User can toggle

6.3 Common Calculations

SQL

1-- Profit Margin
2[Profit] / [Sales]
3
4-- Running Total
5RUNNING_SUM(SUM([Sales]))
6
7-- Rank
8RANK(SUM([Sales]))
9
10-- IF Statement
11IF [Profit] > 0 THEN "Profitable" ELSE "Loss" END

6.4 LOD Expressions

SQL

1-- Fixed: Calculate at specific level
2{ FIXED [Category] : SUM([Sales]) }
3
4-- Include: Add dimension to calculation
5{ INCLUDE [Product] : AVG([Discount]) }
6
7-- Exclude: Remove dimension
8{ EXCLUDE [Region] : SUM([Profit]) }

LOD Expressions là advanced feature — FIXED tính ở level cố định bất kể filter context. Rất mạnh nhưng cần hiểu rõ trước khi dùng.

Checkpoint

Filters: Dimension (categories), Measure (ranges), Context (priority). Calculated Fields: IF/CASE logic, running totals. LOD: FIXED/INCLUDE/EXCLUDE for cross-level calculations!

Task 7

🏋️ 8. Hands-on: Build Sales Dashboard

TB5 min

Project

Build dashboard hoàn chỉnh với Sample Superstore data!

Data: Sample Superstore (included in Tableau)

Sheet 1: Sales by Category

Ví dụ

1Columns: Category
2Rows: SUM(Sales)
3Color: Category
4Sort: Descending, Labels: Show

Sheet 2: Monthly Trend

Ví dụ

1Columns: MONTH(Order Date)
2Rows: SUM(Sales)
3Add: SUM(Profit) as dual axis
4Color: Measure Names

Sheet 3: Regional Map

Ví dụ

1Double-click: State
2Color: SUM(Sales), Size: SUM(Profit)

Sheet 4: Top Products

Ví dụ

1Rows: Product Name
2Columns: SUM(Sales)
3Filter: Top 10 by Sales
4Sort: Descending

Combine into Dashboard

Dashboard → New Dashboard — Size: Fixed (1200 x 800)

Dashboard Layout

Vị trí	Nội dung
Top Row	Sales · Profit · Orders (KPI tiles)
Middle Left	Sales by Category
Middle Right	Monthly Trend
Bottom Left	Regional Map
Bottom Right	Top 10 Products

Add Filter actions for interactivity!

Task 8

📋 Tổng kết

TB5 min

Kiến thức đã học

Chủ đề	Nội dung chính	Tầm quan trọng
Products	Desktop, Public, Prep, Server	Overview
Interface	Data pane, Marks, Shelves	Core navigation
Data	Connect files, databases, cloud	Foundation
Charts	Bar, Line, Scatter, Map	Core skills
Formatting	Marks card, Tooltips, Ref lines	Polish
Filters	Dimension, Measure, Context, LOD	Advanced
Dashboard	Combine sheets, filter actions	Capstone

Câu hỏi tự kiểm tra

Dimensions và Measures khác nhau thế nào trong Tableau?
Context Filter khác Filter thông thường thế nào?
Dual Axis dùng trong trường hợp nào?
Marks card có những thành phần nào?

Bài tiếp theo: Power BI Fundamentals — So sánh với Tableau và build reports trong Power BI Desktop!

🎉 Tuyệt vời! Bạn đã biết cách tạo visualization trong Tableau!

Nhớ: Marks card là trái tim của Tableau — thành thạo Color, Size, Label, Detail là bạn thành thạo Tableau!

Task 9