Power BI Visualizations

🎯 Mục tiêu bài học

TB5 min

Sau bài học này, bạn sẽ:

✅ Master 15+ built-in visuals và khi nào dùng

✅ Install custom visuals từ AppSource

✅ Conditional formatting: Colors, Data Bars, Icons

✅ Bookmarks + Buttons cho interactive toggle

✅ Custom Themes và Report formatting

Thời gian: 35 phút | Độ khó: Intermediate | Tool: Power BI Desktop

Task 0

📖 Bảng Thuật Ngữ Quan Trọng

TB5 min

Thuật ngữ	Tiếng Việt	Mô tả
Card Visual	Thẻ số	Single KPI number lớn
Matrix	Ma trận	Pivot table với expand/collapse
Treemap	Bản đồ cây	Hierarchical proportions
Funnel	Phễu	Stage conversion visualization
Gauge	Đồng hồ đo	Progress to target
AppSource	Chợ ứng dụng	Marketplace cho custom visuals
Deneb	Visual Deneb	Vega-Lite integration cho custom charts
Conditional Formatting	Định dạng có điều kiện	Colors, icons, data bars theo rules
Bookmark	Đánh dấu	Save dashboard state (filters, visibility)
Theme	Chủ đề	JSON-based consistent design

Checkpoint

Card = single KPI. Matrix = pivot table. AppSource = custom visual marketplace. Bookmark = saved state. Conditional Formatting = dynamic colors/icons!

Task 1

📊 1. Built-in Visuals

TB5 min

1.1 Visual Gallery

Visual	Best For	DAX Needed?
Bar/Column	Category comparison	Basic SUM
Line	Trends over time	Basic SUM
Pie/Donut	Part-to-whole (max 5)	Basic SUM
Scatter	2-variable relationship	Multiple measures
Table	Detail data	None
Matrix	Pivot table	None
Card	Single KPI number	Measure
Map / Filled Map	Geographic data	Measure
Treemap	Hierarchical proportions	Measure
Waterfall	Contribution breakdown	Auto
Funnel	Stage conversion	Measure
Gauge / KPI	Progress to target	Measure + target

1.2 Card Visual

Ví dụ

11. Add Card visual
22. Drag measure to "Fields"
33. Format: Callout 28px Bold, Category 12px
44. Background white with shadow

1.3 Matrix (Pivot Table)

Ví dụ

1Rows: [Region], [City]
2Columns: [Year], [Quarter]
3Values: [Total Revenue]
4Features: Expand/collapse, Subtotals, Conditional formatting

Checkpoint

15+ built-in visuals. Card = single KPI (28px bold). Matrix = pivot table (expand/collapse). Match visual type to data purpose — Bar (compare), Line (trend), Scatter (relationship)!

Task 2

🧩 2. Custom Visuals

TB5 min

2.1 AppSource Marketplace

Ví dụ

1Insert → More Visuals → From AppSource
2 
3Popular:
4- Bullet Chart    (Actual vs Target)
5- Chiclet Slicer  (Visual filter buttons)
6- Word Cloud      (Text analysis)
7- Sankey          (Flow visualization)
8- Calendar        (Date-based heatmap)
9- Deneb           (Vega-Lite custom charts)

2.2 Top Custom Visuals

Visual	Use Case	Free?
Bullet Chart	KPI vs target	Yes
Chiclet Slicer	Image/icon filters	Yes
Infographic Designer	Icon-based stats	Yes
Play Axis	Animation over time	Yes
Drill Down Choropleth	Interactive maps	Yes
Deneb	Full Vega-Lite integration	Yes

2.3 Deneb (Vega-Lite)

JSON

1{
2  "mark": {"type": "bar", "cornerRadiusEnd": 4},
3  "encoding": {
4    "x": {"field": "Category", "type": "nominal"},
5    "y": {"field": "Revenue", "type": "quantitative"},
6    "color": {"field": "Category"}
7  }
8}

Deneb = power tool! Nếu Power BI built-in visuals không đủ, Deneb cho phép tạo bất kỳ chart nào bằng Vega-Lite spec. Free và rất flexible!

Checkpoint

AppSource = free custom visuals. Bullet Chart = actual vs target. Chiclet Slicer = visual buttons. Deneb = Vega-Lite cho unlimited customization!

Task 3

🎨 3. Conditional Formatting

TB5 min

3.1 Background Color

Ví dụ

1Format → Cell elements → Background color:
2- Based on: Revenue measure
3- Style: Gradient
4  Min: #ffffff → Max: #1a73e8

3.2 Data Bars

Ví dụ

1Format → Cell elements → Data bars:
2- Positive: #34a853 (green)
3- Negative: #ea4335 (red)
4- Show bar only: False

3.3 Icons

Ví dụ

1Format → Cell elements → Icons:
2- Style: Traffic lights / Arrows
3- Rules:
4  >= 0.10: Green up arrow
5  >= 0.00: Yellow right arrow
6  < 0.00: Red down arrow

3.4 Rules-Based Formatting

dax

1Revenue Color = 
2    SWITCH(TRUE(),
3        [YoY Growth] >= 0.10, "#34a853",
4        [YoY Growth] >= 0, "#fbbc04",
5        "#ea4335"
6    )

Conditional Formatting biến bảng boring thành insightful — data bars show magnitude, icons show status, colors show good/bad ngay lập tức!

Checkpoint

Background color = gradient cho magnitude. Data Bars = visual bars in cells. Icons = traffic lights/arrows cho status. Combine tất cả cho table siêu trực quan!

Task 4

🔘 4. Bookmarks & Buttons

TB5 min

4.1 Bookmarks

Ví dụ

11. View → Bookmarks pane → Add bookmark
22. Set filters, hide/show visuals
33. Name: "Sales View", "Profit View"

4.2 Buttons

Ví dụ

1Insert → Buttons:
2- Back, Bookmark, Navigator, Q&A, Custom
3Action Type: Bookmark → select destination

4.3 Toggle Pattern

Ví dụ

1"Show Detail / Show Chart" toggle:
21. Create 2 visuals (chart + table) overlapping
32. Bookmark 1: Chart visible, table hidden
43. Bookmark 2: Table visible, chart hidden
54. Button 1: "Show Details" → Bookmark 2
65. Button 2: "Show Chart" → Bookmark 1

Bookmark + Button = interactive toggle — users switch giữa chart view và detail view. Rất impressive cho presentations và stakeholder dashboards!

Checkpoint

Bookmarks = saved states (filters + visibility). Buttons = trigger bookmarks. Toggle pattern = overlapping visuals + bookmark switching. Great cho presentations!

Task 5

🎭 5. Themes & Formatting

TB5 min

5.1 Custom Theme

JSON

1{
2  "name": "MinAI Theme",
3  "dataColors": ["#1a73e8", "#34a853", "#ea4335", "#fbbc04"],
4  "background": "#f8f9fa",
5  "foreground": "#3c4043",
6  "tableAccent": "#1a73e8"
7}

5.2 Page Settings

Ví dụ

1Canvas: Custom 1280 x 720 (16:9)
2Background: Color or Image

5.3 Slicers

Type	Best For
List	Category selection
Dropdown	Many categories
Between	Date/number range
Relative Date	Last 30 days, this month

5.4 Sync Slicers

Ví dụ

1View → Sync Slicers → Select pages to sync
2→ 1 filter controls multiple pages!

Checkpoint

Custom Theme = JSON file cho consistent design. Page: 1280x720 (16:9). Slicers: max 3-4 per page. Sync Slicers = 1 filter → multiple pages!

Task 6

📋 Tổng kết

TB5 min

Kiến thức đã học

Chủ đề	Nội dung chính	Tầm quan trọng
Built-in	15+ visuals, Card, Matrix, Map	Foundation
Custom	AppSource, Deneb, Bullet, Chiclet	Extensibility
Conditional	Colors, Data Bars, Icons	Readability
Bookmarks	Save states, Toggle pattern	Interactivity
Themes	Custom JSON, Page settings, Slicers	Consistency

Câu hỏi tự kiểm tra

Custom Visuals từ AppSource cần chú ý gì?
Conditional Formatting dùng trong trường hợp nào?
Bookmarks tạo Toggle pattern thế nào?
Custom Theme JSON cấu trúc ra sao?

Bài tiếp theo: Power BI Dashboards — Build production-ready dashboards và publish!

🎉 Tuyệt vời! Bạn đã biết cách custom visuals trong Power BI!

Nhớ: Theme + Bookmarks + Conditional Formatting = report đẹp và interactive hơn hẳn!

Task 7

🎯 Mục tiêu bài học

📖 Bảng Thuật Ngữ Quan Trọng

Checkpoint

📊 1. Built-in Visuals

1.1 Visual Gallery

1.2 Card Visual

1.3 Matrix (Pivot Table)

Checkpoint

🧩 2. Custom Visuals

2.1 AppSource Marketplace

2.2 Top Custom Visuals

2.3 Deneb (Vega-Lite)

Checkpoint

🎨 3. Conditional Formatting

3.1 Background Color

3.2 Data Bars

3.3 Icons

3.4 Rules-Based Formatting

Checkpoint

🔘 4. Bookmarks & Buttons

4.1 Bookmarks

4.2 Buttons

4.3 Toggle Pattern

Checkpoint

🎭 5. Themes & Formatting

5.1 Custom Theme

5.2 Page Settings

5.3 Slicers

5.4 Sync Slicers

Checkpoint

📋 Tổng kết

Kiến thức đã học

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